TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: These alterations to TDP-43 are associated with a number of cellular changes, including dystrophic neurites in cortex and hippocampus in FTLD with TDP-43 inclusions (Hatanpaa et al., 2008), and severe loss of axons and white matter in both FTLD and ALS (Armstrong, 2017; Fatima et al., 2015).