INS and atherosclerosis: Significantly enriched KEGG pathways in the astrocyte transcriptome included insulin signalling (20 DEGs, P = 4.18E−04), autophagy (20 DEGs, P = 8.51E−04), apoptosis (14 DEGs, P = 5.23E−03), fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis (18 DEGs, P = 0.013), chemokine signalling (17 DEGs, P = 0.015), p53 signalling (11 DEGs, P = 0.042), cell cycle (13 DEGs, P = 0.043), Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, 17 DEGs, P = 0.047), and necroptosis (15 DEGs, P = 0.047) (summarised in Fig. 3a; see Additional file 4: Table S1 for full listing).