IC and anti-IgM stimulation in SjS and SLE culture led to an increase in IL-6, TNFα, and IL-10 production as well as an upregulation of IFNα, β and γ, GM-CSF, and IP-10 (Fig. 7b, c and Fig. S7A, which shows fold increase in cytokine production, relative to unstimulated controls, and Fig. S7B, which shows cytokine production in cell cultures, presented as pg/ml). Here, CSF2 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.