PKM and colonic neoplasm: For example, the lncRNA HOXB-AS3 encodes a conserved HOXB-AS3 peptide, and the HOXB-AS3 peptide competitively targets arginine residues in an RNA-binding area (called an RGG box) of hnRNPA1, which blocks the binding of hnRNPA1 to certain sequences of the PKM (pyruvate kinase M) pre-mRNA flanking exon 9, thereby inhibiting hnRNPA1-mediated AS, decreasing the expression of the PKM2 isoform and consequently repressing the growth of colon cancer [103] (Fig. 5d).