In the present study, we compared microglial activation, cytokine expression, and LC-NE neuronal degeneration in the brain and spinal cord of WT mice of 3-, 12-, and 24-months of age and APP/PS1 mice of 3- and 12-months of age, representing times before and after clear AD neuropathogenesis [43, 44]. Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.