Kawakami et al. [48] have demonstrated that ApoC-III (or ApoC-III-rich VLDL) can stimulate VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in vascular ECs by activating PKCβ and NF-κB, thus suggesting a novel mechanism for EC activation induced by dyslipidaemia. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is inherited lipid metabolism disorder.