A highly elevated plasma level of sVCAM-1, identified in ApoE−/−/LDLR−/− mice, may serve as a marker of endothelial activation and local or systemic inflammation, whereas in humans, the level of sICAM-1 seems to have more prognostic value in regard to atherosclerosis or CVD development. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.