ATF3 and neoplasm: After adjusting for tumor purity, the results showed that ATF3 expression was significantly correlated with macrophage subpopulations, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs; CCL2, r = 0.245, P = 4.16e−06), M1 (NOS2, r = 0.137, P = 0.08e−02), and M2 (CD163, r = 0.141, P = 8.90e−03) (Fig. 7e–g).