ATF3 levels were substantially lower in patients with HCC than in healthy individuals of subgroups analyzed based on gender (Fig. 2b), age (Fig. 2c), ethnicity (Fig. 2d), disease stage (Fig. 2e), tumor grade (Fig. 2f), weight (Fig. 2g), and nodal metastasis (Fig. 2h). Here, ATF3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.