FFAR2 and liver dysplastic nodule: To date, SCFAs have been identified as beneficial products derived from gut microbiota that exert protective effects in AKI [66], CKD [40], DN [67], and hypertension [68] via interplay with olfactory receptor (Olfr) 78, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) 41 or GPCR43.