TNF and neoplasm: Infiltrating immune cells secreteinterleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), and growth factors to generate feedback loops that support tumor progression and metastasis [2], with subsequent infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, which are differentiated into tumor-associated macrophage types (TAM) receiving different tumor-secreted factors (designated M1 and M2 macrophages) [3].