HIF1A and infection: HIF1α, which is a key regulator of transcriptional signaling in hypoxic conditions (Majmundar et al. 2010), was induced following infection with either virus (Fig. 4g), as were HSP90B1 and DBF4 (Fig. 4h–i), which are mediators of the unfolded protein response (Rachidi et al. 2015) and cell cycle arrest (Guo et al. 2005), respectively.