Although the incidence was low, there was a relative risk (RR) of developing symptomatic heart failure of 4.74 with the addition of bevacizumab to anti-cancer regimens when compared with the addition of placebo [95] This provides evidence for the ‘on target’ cardiotoxic effect of VEGF inhibition, given that this monoclonal antibody against VEGF would not be expected to have off-target effects. Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.