Microarray analyses were then performed to compare shCtrl-GBM-1 with shARL4C-1-GBM-1 cells for gene expression (Fig. 3A), ALDH1A3, a predominant ALDH enzyme that participates in diverse range of biological processes in glioma stem cells 15,16, was most correlated to ARL4C expression in TCGA-LGGGBM database among 198 genes selected by comparison of differential gene expression in shCtrl- and shARL4C-1 GBM-1 cells (Fig. 3B). Here, ARL4C is linked to glioma.