ACTA1 and neoplasm: For instance, the tumor-promoting alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-negative/fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-positive CAF population expresses higher levels of chemoresistance-mediating interleukin-6 (IL-6), [26] and immunosuppression-mediating CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) ligands [27] than the tumor-suppressing αSMA+/FAP− CAF population.