SOD1 and brain ischemia: In a rat model with cerebral ischemia, GM treatment attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced the brain injury of animals: GM treatment reduces MDA expression level and promotes the activities of glutathione, SOD and glutathione peroxidase; GM treatment also decreases the expressions of caspase-3 and Bax, and increases the expression of Bcl-2 [15].