Another study underlined the possibility to use urine-derived renal epithelial cells to carry out RNA and functional studies on kidney-specific genes, validating the pathogenicity of a synonymous variant in PKHD1 (polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1) and confirming the genetic diagnosis of ARPKD (Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease) in a patient with CKD associated with atypical polycystic kidneys [146]. Here, PKHD1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.