In a syngeneic murine breast carcinoma model, changes in monocytic activity and immune cell composition within the TME have been investigated in two different treatment cohorts: one group receiving conventional, cytotoxic chemotherapy, the second group receiving an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, inhibiting neoangiogenesis and thus counteracting monocyte activity in the TME. Here, VEGFA is linked to breast carcinoma.