MIF and medical procedure: This apparent protective effects of endogenous MIF and DDT in DLE adds this disease to the list of pathologies that may benefit from either endogenous or exogenous MIF (and DDT), as it has been shown in vitro and/or in vivo in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [41,42,43], as well as in ischemic preconditioning-mediated cardio-protection [44] and the protection in acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery [45].