In patients with lung cancer, IL-10 was not only shown to positively correlate with tumour diameter, but it was also demonstrated that IL-10 may counteract intra-tumoural programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signalling, highlighting the potential role of IL-10 in mediating resistance to immune checkpoint blockade [17]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to lung carcinoma.