S100B and HIV infectious disease: Although latency reversal will likely be a critical component of curing HIV infection, our findings raise the hypothesis that — in lieu of an ideal latency-reversing agent — reductions in HIV reservoirs may be achievable by boosting immune targeting of existing expression of early gene products (such as Nef, and in a manner that targets nonescaped epitopes) while enhancing cytotoxic function, limiting clonal expansion, and addressing resistance to cytotoxic T cells in reservoir-harboring cells.