In addition, nutrigenetic studies found that nutrients like polyphenols, flavan-3-ols, naringin, hesperidin and quercetin can positively affect genes involved in insulin synthesis, stimulus-secretion coupling, anti-glucolipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance [47–51]] However, the exact mechanisms of the genetic effect on the predisposition of T2D under different fruit intake level were remained elucidated. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.