Tumor formation was confirmed via IHC in C4-2-, PC3-, or C4-2-MDVR-injected mice, and we found that RO08-2750-treated groups showed significant decreases in NGF, CHGA, and proliferation (Ki67) marker levels and an increase in apoptotic marker (cleaved (C)-caspase-3) levels in PC3- or C4-2-MDVR-injected mice (Fig. 4l; Supplementary Fig. 4i–m). Here, NGF is linked to neoplasm.