KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer: To diagnose LUTS with accompanying BPH, and exclude prostate cancer, the following primary and secondary tests are applied: blood levels of total and free fraction of prostate specific antigen (PSA), suprapubic ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound, urine flow tests (uroflowmetry), routine urine analysis, and imaging tests: urography, computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance, cystoscopy and, if prostate cancer is suspected, a biopsy of this gland.