NOX4 and diabetic kidney disease: One such study revealed the pathogenic role of Nox4 in a murine model of DKD, whereby deletion of Nox4 provided partial renoprotection, evidenced by reduced albuminuria and attenuated structural abnormalities, including reduced mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, and extracellular matrix deposition via reduction in ROS and inflammation of the kidney [21,22].