Several miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC, resulting in altered hormonal signaling and therapy resistance, including miR-7 in the CRHR2 system, which leads to immune resistance; miR-302, miR-497, miR-185 and miR-143 in the IGF system, which lead to 5-FU and oxaliplatin resistance, respectively; miR-125, which regulates expression of TYMS resulting in 5-FU resistance and miR-1260b, which regulates PDCD4 expression leading to 5-FU resistance. The gene discussed is PDCD4; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.