HMGB1 and acute cystitis: Apart from CIPN, TMα also reduces HMGB1-dependent symptoms in acute cystitis and pancreatitis accompanied by visceral pain [30,32] as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) [102], and our ongoing studies focus on the effects of anticoagulants on HMGB1 levels in the blood stream in order to clarify the role of HMGB1 degradation by the endogenous TM/thrombin axis in those pathological conditions.