Genetic associations with XFS/XFG, however, are expanding beyond LOXL1 and CACNA1A. In 2017, a GWAS using a global sample of 5570 XFS/XFG cases and 6279 controls identified five new variants: POMP, TMEM136, AGPAT1, RBMS3, and SEMA6A. This study also demonstrated that a rare LOXL1 missense variant may be protective against XFS/XFG [179]. This evidence concerns the gene TLCD5 and exfoliation syndrome.