SYP and memory impairment: Notably, a growing body of evidence has also shown that LPS-induced synaptic dysfunction by decreasing protein expression level of memory-associated proteins (a postsynaptic protein; PSD-95, presynaptic proteins; synaptophysin (SYP); synaptosomal associated protein (SNAP-25), and syntaxin-1) [6] and memory impairment [69,70,71].