STAT1 and viral infectious disease: Orf6 inhibits IFN production through hindering of the of STAT1-nuclear complex formation (Frieman et al., 2007; Lei et al., 2020) by sequestering karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) and karyopherin ß1 (KPNB1) to the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi interface, thereby preventing nuclear translocation of the messenger STAT1 and, consequently hampering the host defense against viral infection (McBride and Reich, 2003; Frieman et al., 2007).