In particular, both isoforms of eIF5A are overexpressed in many types of cancer [for review, see Mathews and Hershey (2015)] and in various others diseases such as HIV-1 infection (Bevec et al., 1996), malaria (Kaiser et al., 2007), and diabetes (Maier et al., 2010). The gene discussed is EIF5A; the disease is diabetes mellitus.