IL1B and digestive system infectious disorder: Mice lacking IL-1β are more susceptible to C. rodentium-induced colonic inflammation (Liu et al., 2012), in contrast blocking IL-1β in EPEC-infected mice with persistent IL-1β response decreased the colonic damage (Sham et al., 2013), suggesting the role of IL-1β during intestinal infection in a concentration- and timing-dependent manner.