CXCR3 and infection: Similar to IL-6, INF-γ is a pleiotropic protein that promotes the transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators and CXCL10 (by binding to CXCR3 in order to promote the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and T cells at the site of infection) (Lee et al., 2017), and were both upregulated in the colon of mice following challenge with EPEC, likely activating STAT1 by binding to INF-γ receptor (INFGR) (Green et al., 2017).