EGF and colorectal carcinoma: In addition, vitamin D involved in other pathway contributing to progress of CRC, including 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3) [1α,25(OH)(2)D(3)] inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling through the suppression of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), which induces apoptosis through the IGFR1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-dependent signaling pathway (24).