AFP and neoplasm: In the training cohort, 7 variables, including ALBI grade, CTP grade, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, maximum tumor size (≤5 cm, 5–10 cm, or >10 cm), intrahepatic tumor number (single or multiple), intrahepatic tumor location (unilobe or multilobe), and plasma alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (≤200 ng/dl or >200 ng/dl), were identified as strong risk factors associated with OS after univariate analysis for the potential variables.