GSTM1 and injury: BMI, body mass index; VOC, vaso-occlusive crisis (painful crisis caused by ischemic tissue injury); ACS, acute chest syndrome (acute lung injury, represents lung infarction, inflammation, atelectasis); FHx of HTN, family history of hypertension; Hb, hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; Retic, reticulocyte; HbF, fetal hemoglobin