Chen et al. demonstrated that the TGFβ tumor suppressor pathway was not functional in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NANOG-dependent HCC CSCs (CD133+ and CD49f+) and identified Yap1 and Igf2bp3 as novel TLR4/NANOG-dependent genes 49. Here, NANOG is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.