Combined with our findings above that the expression of PSA showed no significant difference but miR-181a-5p showed a significant upregulation between BPH and prostate cancer cases in this Cohort II (Figure 2B), our results suggested that EV-delivered miR-181a-5p is a useful biomarker for diagnosis of prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.