In murine liver fibrosis, intestinal bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide and dietary cholesterol stimulate Toll-like receptor 4, induce occupancy of NF-κBp50 and HDAC1 on Bambi promoter, and downregulate its expression in HSCs, leading to enhanced TGFβ signaling and increased HSCs activation and hepatic fibrosis 42, 44, 45. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.