TLR4 and Hepatic fibrosis: In murine liver fibrosis, intestinal bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide and dietary cholesterol stimulate Toll-like receptor 4, induce occupancy of NF-κBp50 and HDAC1 on Bambi promoter, and downregulate its expression in HSCs, leading to enhanced TGFβ signaling and increased HSCs activation and hepatic fibrosis 42, 44, 45.