In recent years, many studies have provided evidence supporting the role of the LPS/TLR4 pathway in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, acute liver failure, chronic hepatitis B and C, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma 5, 41-47. Here, TLR4 is linked to acute liver failure.