CTBP1 and neoplasm: Subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that FOXM1 could recruit CtBP1 to the MDR1 promoter and that CtBP1 acted as an activator to induce the expression of MDR1. We also used in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine whether two CtBP1 inhibitors (NSC95397 and NSM00158) and one FOXM1 inhibitor (RCM1) could decrease MDR1 expression and inhibit in vitro cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion, and in vivo tumor growth.