Tissue damaging effects of IL-1 have been identified in the development of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1/T2DM) as well as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while in systemic sclerosis (SSc) IL-1 has been shown to mediate pathological tissue remodeling. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.