Here, a decrease in FOXO3-mRNA levels in patients with secondary infection compared to primary infection was observed (p=0.015) whereas levels of other IFN-I related genes were similar in primary infected DF patients compared to secondary infected DF patients (Figure 4A and data for IFN-α2, IFN-β, IFNAR1, and IFNAR2 not shown). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and infection.