LYZ and infection: infection in Drosophila (Leulier et al., 2003), three scenarios have been proposed for their sensing by cognate host receptors: (1) accessibility of the receptor to cell wall PGN; (2) the release of PGN fragments through the activity of enzymes produced by bacteria, or by (3) host effector molecules such as AMPs or lysozyme (Chaput and Boneca, 2007; Humann and Lenz, 2009; Atilano et al., 2011; Vaz et al., 2019).