DKK3 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Liu et al. (2010) found that three single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the dkk3 gene locus showed a significant association with eGFR in ADPKD. The SNP rs3750940 shows the strongest association with eGFR in ADPKD (accounting for 1.4% of the total variance) (Liu et al., 2010). Wnt signaling, which has been shown to cause PKD, is downregulated by DKK3 and may account for this (Qian et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2010).