Additionally, in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet, sweroside significantly attenuates NASH symptoms (including liver fibrosis) through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver, partially by inhibiting de novo synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which can be oxidized to serve as the ultimate NLRP3 ligand, or at least a part of it, thus activating NLRP3 inflammasome complexes after exposure to LPS and NLRP3 activators (Zhong et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2020). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.