NLRP3 and osteoarthritis, knee: In addition, Casticin exerts significant role in suppressing fibrogenic markers (TGF-β, COL1A1, and TIMP-1) and improving hypoxia in synovial tissue of rats with monoiodoacetic acid (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis (KOA) through the modulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is a transcriptional factor served to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation (Li et al., 2020).