Here, we discuss the role of NDE1 in cell cycle regulation of neural progenitor cells, specifically its role in INM and how mutations in NDE1 result in various human diseases in various human diseases that are often characterized by microcephaly (Alkuraya et al., 2011; Bakircioglu et al., 2011; Reiner et al., 2011; Guven et al., 2012; Tan et al., 2017; Abdel-Hamid et al., 2019). Here, NDE1 is linked to microcephaly.