TNF and Cognitive impairment: • Alleviated memory and cognitive deficits• Attenuated upregulation of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 as well as that of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β• Inhibited neuronal apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and a decrease in the level of proapoptotic protein Caspase-3