Similar results were also obtained when we replaced cell proliferation assay with a cell invasion assay, showing decreasing the ATF3 expression with two different ATF3-shRNAs led to increase the PCa cell invasion in both C4–2 and CWR22Rv1 cells (Fig. 2d-e), and increasing the ATF3 expression with oeATF3 led to inhibit the PCa cell invasion in both C4–2 and CWR22Rv1 cells (Fig. 2f). This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and posterior cortical atrophy.