GCLC and posterior cortical atrophy: We then further studied whether ASC-J9® can influence the Glutathione-ascorbate cycle like Curcumin [49], and found treating with ASC-J9® led to decrease significantly the GSH concentration in C4–2, CWR22Rv1 cells (Fig. 3e) and in PC-3 cells (Supplementary Fig. 2f), which is due to ASC-J9® decreasing the Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit expression (Fig. 3f, Supplementary Fig. 2g) in these three PCa cells.