CXCL8 and cancer: While most cytokines promote cancer proliferation, there are other cytokines such as IFN-γ and the interleukins such as IL-27, IL-23, IL-12, and IL-2 that function as tumor suppressors by stimulating antitumor immune responses [68], and cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, are associated with transcriptional regulation [69].