The metastatic tumor cells were also positive for osteonectin (Fig. 4m), osteocalcin (Fig. 4n), cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (Fig. 4o), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (Fig. 4p), transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene protein 2 (Gli2) (Fig. 4q), and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) (Fig. 4r) but were negative for nestin (Fig. 4s), murine double minute 2 (MDM2, data not shown), and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34, data not shown). Here, NES is linked to neoplasm.