IFNG and colitis: IFNγ preconditioning has been widely studied and improved MSC efficacy in models where an immunomodulatory effect of MSC is expected, such as graft versus host disease (Polchert et al., 2008; Tobin et al., 2013), colitis (Duijvestein et al., 2011), or sepsis (Baudry et al., 2019).