Interestingly, a significant expansion of CD38+M-MDSCs were observed in PBMCs of CRC patients when compared with healthy donors, and CD38+M-MDSCs frequencies were significantly higher in CRC patients who had previously received any form of cancer treatment (surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these methods) when compared with treatment-naive patients (133). Here, CD38 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.